Configuration for PIM is done for each interface. This chapter describes how to use the PIM configuration and operating commands and includes the following sections:
Protocol Independent Multicast dense mode (PIM-DM) is a broadcast and prune multicast protocol used by IP. It supports both IPv4 and IPv6 and the commands and syntax are identical for both versions. It works well in campus networks, where bandwidth is plentiful and users are closely grouped, not dispersed over a wide area of networks. PIM uses a broadcast and prune approach for the multicast forwarding of datagrams and is used when multicast groups are densely distributed across the Internet. It assumes that all downstream systems want to receive multicast datagrams and prunes back branches from those systems which do not.
PIM-DM is a soft state protocol. This means that the prune states, if not removed by some other activity (such as grafting or joining), are removed after a period of time (configurable) and the multicast data is once again broadcasted to all downstream systems where pruning once again occurs.
PIM-DM establishes adjacency to neighboring PIM routers by exchanging Hello messages with all neighbors. It keeps the adjacency active until it is timed out. As long as the neighboring routers are active and running, new Hello messages are sent to refresh the Hello state and prevent the adjacency from timing out. You can configure how often Hello messages are sent.
PIM-DM uses the unicast routing table, regardless which unicast protocol owns an entry, to perform the reverse path forwarding calculation on a received multicast datagram. Reverse path forwarding (RPF) is used to validate whether the received multicast datagram arrived on an interface that would be valid for forwarding to the source address contained in the multicast datagram. If this is an incorrect interface, the datagram is discarded, or else a new multicast entry is built and the multicast datagram is forwarded on all other interfaces (those with PIM-DM active, local host members, and any additional interfaces added by other multicast protocols). The use of unicast routes to perform RPF for input interface validation requires unicast routing to be symmetrical.
Grafting is also supported to allow hosts to dynamically join a group. This grafts a branch to an already existing multicast tree, removing all prune states where required, to ensure that the joined hosts receive the requested group multicast datagrams.
Because of the independent nature of PIM with respect to unicast routing protocols and the broadcast nature of PIM-DM, parallel paths from the source may occur and duplicate multicast data may be forwarded. PIM-DM uses an Assert procedure to choose the appropriate forwarding router when this occurs. Preferences may be configured on routers that run different unicast routing protocols to resolve which router is desired to have precedence. When unicast routing is the same, unicast metric costs to the source are used to determine the best route. And when all else is equal, the router with the largest IP interface address is chosen as the appropriate forwarder.
Use the p pim command at the Config> prompt to configure PIM parameters.
Use the following procedure to access the PIM configuration process.
* talk 6 Config>
After you enter the talk 6 command, the CONFIG prompt (Config>) displays on the terminal. If the prompt does not appear when you first enter configuration, press Return again.
To configure PIM for IPv4, enter the commands at the PIM Config> prompt. For IPv6, enter the commands at the PIM6 Config> prompt.
Table 111. PIM Configuration Command Summary
Command | Function |
---|---|
? (Help) | Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help". |
delete | Deletes a PIM interface. |
disable | Disables PIM on the device. |
enable | Enables PIM on the device and sets global PIM default configuration values. |
list | Lists the configuration. |
set | Sets PIM configuration parameter values. |
Exit | Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment". |
Use the delete command to remove a configured PIM interface.
Syntax:
Example:
PIM Config> delete Interface address []?
Use the disable command to disable PIM on the device.
Syntax:
Use the enable command to enable PIM on the device and set global PIM default configuration values.
Syntax:
Use the list command to display the PIM configuration.
Syntax:
Example:
PIM Config>list i Hello State Type IP Address Interval Holdtime Physical 9.37.2.1 30 210
Example:
PIM Config>list v PIM Global Configuration Values PIM: on Graft Timeout: 3 seconds Assert Timeout: 210 seconds PIM Config>
Example: (IPv4 only)
PIM Config>list p Direct 0 Static 1 OSPF 110 RIP 120 BGP 200 PIM Config>
Use the set command to change PIM configuration parameter values. You can use this command to add a new physical interface.
Syntax:
Example:
PIM Config>set interface Interface address []? Hello period [30]? Join Prune Hold Time [210]?
Valid Values: Any valid IP address
Default Value: None
Valid Values: 1 - 65535
Default Value: 30
Valid Values: 1 - 65535
Default Value: 210
Routetype can specify the following route types:
Example:
PIM Config> set preference rip RIP Metric Preference [120]?
Range: 0 - 65535
Default Values:
Example:
PIM Config>set v cache_life Mcfwd cache Holdtime [60]
Valid Values: A numeric value greater than 0
Default Value: 60
Example:
PIM Config>set v assert_tout PIM Assert Time Out [210]
Valid Values: 1 - 65535
Default Value: 210
Example:
PIM Config>set v graft_tout PIM Graft Time Out [3]
Valid Values: 1 - 65535
Default Value: 3
Use the following procedure to access the PIM monitoring commands. This process gives you access to the PIM monitoring process.
* talk 5 +
After you enter the talk 5 command, the GWCON prompt (+) displays on the terminal. If the prompt does not appear when you first enter configuration, press Return again.
Example:
+ p pim PIM>
This section describes the PIM monitoring commands.
Table 112. PIM Monitoring Command Summary
Command | Function |
---|---|
? (Help) | Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help". |
dump | Displays routing tables. |
clear | Clears the multicast forwarding table. |
interface | Displays the status of the interface. |
join | Joins a multicast group. |
leave | Leaves a multicast group. |
mcache | Displays currently active multicast forwarding table cache entries. |
mgroups | Displays group membership of the device's attached interfaces. |
mstats | Displays various multicast routing statistics. |
neighbor | Displays information about current adjacencies. |
pim | Displays the PIM state database. |
summary pim | Displays a summary of the PIM state database. |
ping | Dynamically pings an IPv6 address. |
reset | Dynamically resets PIM. |
traceroute | Dynamically traces a route. |
variables | Displays the configuration values for PIM variables. |
Exit | Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment". |
Use the dump command to display the configured routing tables.
Syntax:
Use the clear command to reset the cache.
Syntax:
PIM>clear Mfwd Cache has been cleared! PIM>
Use the interface command to display a summary of the statistics and parameters related to the interface.
Syntax:
PIM>interface PIM Interface Table Hello State IP Address Interval Holdtime Status Type 9.32.45.1 30 210 up TKR/0 9.10.32,23 30 210 up TKR/1 PIM>
Use the join command to join a multicast group.
Syntax:
PIM>join 224.12.2.2
Use the leave command to leave a multicast group. This prevents the device from responding to pings and SNMP queries sent to the group address.
Syntax:
PIM>leave 224.12.2.2
Use the mcache command to display a list of currently active multicast cache entries. Multicast cache entries are built on demand, whenever the first matching multicast datagram is received. There is a separate cache entry (and therefore a separate route) for each datagram source network and destination group combination.
Syntax:
PIM>mcache 0: TKR/0 1: TKR/1 2: TKR/2 3: IPPN/0 4: BDG/0 5: Internal Prot Count Upstr Downstream Source Destination Owner Count Upst Downstream 9.10.12.3 224.12.2.2 PIM 124 0 1, 2 *10.23.55.2 224.32.4.5 PIM 3 1 1 PIM>
Use the mgroups command to display the group membership of the device's attached interfaces. Only the group membership for those interfaces on which the router is either designated router or backup designated router are displayed.
Syntax:
PIM>mgroups Local Group Database Group Interface Lifetime (secs) 224.12.2.2 9.32.4.5 (TKR/0) 176 224.5.5.5 Internal 1 PIM>
Use the mstats command to display various multicast routing statistics. The command indicates whether multicast routing is enabled and whether the router is an inter-area and/or inter-AS multicast forwarder.
Syntax:
PIM>mstats MOSPF forwarding: Disabled Inter-area forwarding: Disabled DVMRP forwarding: Enabled PIM forwarding: Disabled Datagrams received: 10143 Datagrams fwd (multicast): 10219 Datagrams fwd (unicast): 0 Locally delivered: 0 Unreachable source: 0 Unallocated cache entries: 0 Off multicast tree: 0 Unexpected DL multicast: 0 Buffer alloc failure: 0 TTL scoping: 0 Administrative filtering: 235 # DVMRP routing entries: 5 # DVMRP entries freed: 0 # fwd cache alloc: 1 # fwd cache freed: 0 # fwd cache GC: 0 # local group DB alloc: 0 # local group DB free: 0 PIM>
Use the neighbor command to display information about neighbor PIM devices and their adjacency status.
Syntax:
PIM>neighbor PIM Neighbor Listing Last First Neighbor Addr DR Heard Heard Ifc 9.12.2.2 NO 21 6139 TKR/0 9.25.3.111 YES 29 6204 TKR/1 PIM>
Use the pim command to display the PIM state database.
Syntax:
PIM>pim PIM State Database ------------------- Interface Group Source Lifetime (sec) 1 PRUNE 224.12.2.2 9.32.4.128 205 1 PRUNE 224.23.121.4 9.124.23.1 155 PIM>
Use the summary pim command to display summary information about the PIM state database.
Syntax:
PIM>s Summary PIM State Database -------------------------- 0) Group: 224.0.1.42 0) Source: 9.37.179.1 0) States: 1-P 2-P PIM>
Use the ping command to dynamically ping another destination IPv6 address.
Syntax:
See "Ping6" for a description of the parameters.
Use the reset command to reset PIM and reload the configuration.
Syntax:
PIM>reset
Use the traceroute command to dynamically trace a route.
Syntax:
Use the variables command to display information about the PIM configuration variables.
Syntax:
PIM>variables PIM: on Graft Timeout: 3 seconds Assert Timeout: 210 seconds PIM Unicast Metric Preferences Direct 0 Static 1 OSPF 110 RIP 120 BGP 200 PIM>
This section describes dynamic reconfiguration (DR) as it affects Talk 6 and Talk 5 commands.
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) supports the CONFIG (Talk 6) delete interface command with no restrictions.
PIM supports the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command with the following consideration:
PIM must be globally enabled before PIM can be activated on a network interface.
All PIM interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command.
PIM supports the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command with the following consideration:
PIM must be globally enabled before PIM can be activated on a network interface.
All PIM interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command.
PIM supports the following PIM-specific GWCON (Talk 5) reset commands:
All PIM commands are supported by the GWCON, protocol pim, reset command.
This section describes dynamic reconfiguration (DR) as it affects Talk 6 and Talk 5 commands.
Protocol Independent Multicast for IPv6 (PIM6) supports the CONFIG (Talk 6) delete interface command with no restrictions.
PIM6 supports the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command with the following consideration:
PIM6 must be globally enabled before PIM6 can be activated on a network interface.
All PIM6 interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command.
PIM6 supports the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command with the following consideration:
PIM6 must be globally enabled before PIM6 can be activated on a network interface.
All PIM6 interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command.
PIM6 supports the following PIM6-specific GWCON (Talk 5) reset commands:
All PIM6 commands are supported by the GWCON, protocol pim, reset command.
Note: | The following commands are common among MOSPF, DVMRP, and PIM and are
considered MFC commands for IPv4:
|
This section describes dynamic reconfiguration (DR) as it affects Talk 6 and Talk 5 commands.
Multicast Forwarding Cache (MFC) supports the CONFIG (Talk 6) delete interface command with the following consideration:
IP must notify MFC of address update.
MFC supports the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command with the following consideration:
IP must notify MFC of address update.
All MFC interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command.
MFC supports the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command with the following consideration:
IP must notify MFC of address update.
All MFC interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command.
All MFC configuration parameters can be changed dynamically.
Note: | The following PIM commands are considered Multicast Forwarding Cache (MFC6)
commands for IPv6:
|
This section describes dynamic reconfiguration (DR) as it affects Talk 6 and Talk 5 commands.
Multicast Forwarding Cache V6 (MFC6) supports the CONFIG (Talk 6) delete interface command with the following consideration:
IPv6 must notify MFC6 of address update.
Multicast Forwarding Cache V6 (MFC6) supports the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command with the following consideration:
IPv6 must notify MFC6 of address update.
All Multicast Forwarding Cache V6 (MFC6) interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) activate interface command.
Multicast Forwarding Cache V6 (MFC6) supports the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command with the following consideration:
IPv6 must notify MFC6 of address update.
All Multicast Forwarding Cache V6 (MFC6) interface-specific commands are supported by the GWCON (Talk 5) reset interface command.
All Multicast Forwarding Cache V6 (MFC6) configuration parameters can be changed dynamically.